Pinealectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the pineal gland, a small, pea-shaped gland located in the brain that is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. This surgery is typically performed to treat tumors or cysts in the pineal gland, such as pineoblastomas or other types of pineal gland neoplasms. It may also be indicated in cases of severe disorders associated with the pineal gland, although this is less common. The procedure is often complex due to the pineal gland's deep location in the brain, which necessitates careful navigation to avoid damaging surrounding structures. Pinealectomy can be performed through various approaches, including endoscopic or open surgical methods, depending on the size and location of the tumor and the patient's overall condition. Despite its potential benefits in removing harmful growths and alleviating related symptoms, pinealectomy carries several risks and complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. The surgery may also lead to neurological issues, such as changes in cognitive function, motor skills, or vision, depending on the proximity of the tumor to other brain structures. Additionally, patients may experience hormonal imbalances due to the loss of melatonin production, which can affect sleep patterns and overall circadian rhythms. Long-term follow-up care is essential to monitor for any residual or recurrent disease, manage potential neurological or hormonal effects, and support the patient's overall recovery and quality of life.
